Akbar
Akbar
Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar ( Urdu : جلال الدین محمد اکبر ) ( October 15 , 1542- Aktubr 27 , L605 ) [3] Tamuri pedigree of Mughal was the third ruler of the dynasty. [4] Akbar is also known by Akbar-e-Azam (meaning Akbar the Great), Shahanshah Akbar, Mahabali Shahanshah. [1] [2] [5] Samrat Akbar was the grandson of the founder of the Mughal Empire Jahiruddin Muhammad Babar and son of Nasiruddin Humayun and Hamida Bano . The descendants of Babur, Timur and MongolThe leader was related to Genghis Khan , meaning that his descendants were from the family of Timur Lang and the motherhood was related to Genghis Khan . [3] By the end of Akbar's reign in 1605 the Mughal empire in northern and central India included, most part and was one of the most powerful empires of that time. [6] In theemperors Akbar was the only king who received equal love and respect for both the Hindu Muslim community. He established a religion called Din-i-Elahi in order to reduce distances between Hindu-Muslim sects . [3]His court used to be open to all anytime. In his court, there were more Hindu leaders than Muslim warlords. Akbar did not just eliminate Jazia on Hindus , but did many such things which made both Hindus and Muslims his fans. [7] At the age of thirteen, Akbar was sitting on the throne of Delhi after his father Nasiruddin Muhammad died of Humayun . [8] During his reign, he had completely stopped the invasion of the powerful Pashtun descendant of Sher Shah Suri , as well as defeated newly anointed Hindu King Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat . [9] [10]Akbar had taken two decades to build his empire and to bring all the territories of northern and central India into a single right. His influence was almost on the entire Indian subcontinent and he ruled as a monarch on a large territory of this region. As emperor, Akbar formed diplomatic relations with powerful and influential Hindu Rajput kings and married them here. [9] [11]
The influence of Akbar's rule also took place on the art and culture of the country. [12] He showed considerable interest in painting and fine arts, and the walls of his palace were full of beautiful paintings and samples. Along with the development of Mughal painting , he also welcomed the European style. He was also interested in literature and had translated many Sanskrit manuscripts and texts in Persian and Persian translations of Sanskrit and Hindi in Hindi . Made pictures of many Persian cultures on the walls of their court. [12]During his early reign, Akbar had no tolerance towards the Hindus, but over time, he showed great interest in revenge and other religions, including Hindus. He also made marital relation with Hindu Rajput princesses. [13] [14] [15] In the court of Akbar, there were many Hindu courtiers, military officers and feudal officers. He started a unique series of religious discussions and debate programs, in which Muslims used to talk to the people of the Alim, Jain, Sikhs , Hindus, Charvak, atheists, Jews , Portuguese and Catholic Christianreligious scholars. He had respect for these religious leaders in his mind, on which his personal religious feelings did not have any effect. [16] It is a new religionDin-e-Elahi was also established, which included the policies and teachings of all the major religions of the world. Unfortunately, this religion went away with the death of Akbar. [9] [17]
On the death of such a large emperor, his funeral was done without any rites immediately. Traditionally, a path was made by breaking the wall in the fort and his body was quietly buried in the tomb of Sikandra . [18] [19]
Sequence
Life introduction
Name
Akbar was born on the full moon day, hence his name was Badruddin Mohammad Akbar. Badr means that the full moon and Akbar were taken from the name of their grandfather Sheikh Ali Akbar Jami. It is said that after victory over Kabul , his father Humayun changed Akbar's date of birth and name to avoid a bad look. [20] Legend has it that the people of India had honored Akbar for his successful and efficient rule. In Arabic, the word Akbar means "great" or bigger.
Early life
Akbar was born Rajput ruler Rana Amrsal palace Umerkot, Sindh (now in Pakistan ) in Nvanbr 23 , L542 ( AH according Rajab was 9 4 9 on the fourth day). Here the emperor Humayun took refuge with his recently married wife Begum Hamida Banu Begum . According to the son's name Humayun once heard in the dream, he kept Jalaluddin Mohammed. [2] [21] Babur's family was from Timur and Mongol leader Changes Khan, that means that his descendants were from the family of Timur Lang and that the motherhood was related to Genghis Khan. Thus, in Akbar's arteries, two famous nations of Asia, Turks and MongolsWas a combination of blood. [3]
Humayun had to spend the unknown in Persia because of the Persian leader Sher Shah Suri . [22] But he did not take Akbar along with him, but left a village in the state of Rewa (present-day Madhya Pradesh ) in Mukundpur. Akbar had a deep friendship with Prince Ram Singh I of his, who later became king of Rewa. They grew up together and grew and remained lifelong friends. In time, Akbar settled here with his uncle Mirza Askar in the Safari Empire ( part of present-day Afghanistan ). He lived in Kandahar for some days and then from Kabul in 1545 . HumayunHe was equally good with his younger brothers, so it was a little better for the uncle's people to stop Akbar's position here. Although everyone behaved well with him and perhaps the love of affection was more or less. But Akbar could not read the book, he could only get military education. He spent much of his time in time, race and duality, wrestling, and was not interested in education. As long as Akbar was eight years old, all his years from birth have been in great instability, due to which proper management of his education was not done. Now Humayun's focus has also been towards this. In November, +9-9, he organized a program in Kabul to start Akbar's education. But on the occasion of Akbar's disappearance, the ceremony was completed on the second day. Mullah Jada Mullah Asmuddin Abraham was appointed teacher of Akbar. But Mullah Asmuddin has been proved unable. Then this task was first handed over to Maulana Bamzid, But when he did not get success also, Maulana Abdul Qadir was given the task. But no teacher succeeded in educating Akbar. Actually, Akbar had no interest in reading and writing; his interest was more to raise pigeon, horse riding and dog.[3] But his interest in knowledge was always from the beginning. It is said, that when he used to sleep, a person could read it and read it. [23] Over time Akbar emerged as a mature and wise ruler, who had a keen interest in art, architecture, music and literature.
Coronation
Sher Shah Suri's son Islam Shah to take advantage of the chaos caused by disputes succession of Humayun in 1555 , but re-possession of Delhi. In it there was a good part of his army, the Persian ally, Taahmps I of the first . A few months later, at the age of 48, Humayun's accidental death came due to falling from the staircase of his library to heavy drunken condition. [24] [25] Then Akbar's guardian Bairam Khan hidthis death for some time in the interest of the empire and prepared Akbar for succession. On February 14 , 1556 , there was a reign of Akbar. All this from the Mughal empire to Sikandar Shah SuriIt was only during the ongoing war. 13-year-old Akbar was crowned on a newly constructed platform in Kalanaur , Punjab in golden clothes and in a dark turban. This platform is still there today. [26] [27] the Persian language has cried emperor to emperor. Until his adult age, his state came under the protection of Bairam Khan. [28] [29]
State expansion
Lost Akbar's father to retrieve the state Humayun 's relentless effort to eventually succeed and that was in 1555 in India could reach, but next year is the year 1556 in the capital Delhi, went to his death in Gurdaspur of Panchayat heads from Kalanaur at a place called 14 Akbar was the ruler of the age of Akbar's patron, Baram Khan, was appointed, whose influence remained on him until 1560 . The Mughal state of that time only from Kabul to DelhiTill it was spread out. Along with this many problems were standing up. In 1563, there was a public outcry over the assassination of Shamsuddin Ataka Khan, the Uzbek rebellion between 1564-65 and the rebellion of Mirza brothers in 1566-67, but Akbar resolved these problems with great skill. He increased his feudal power through his creativity. [30] Meanwhile, in 1566, returning to the city from the maidera (the present-day old fort complex ) of Maham Anka named Maham Anka , Akbar attacked a city, which Akbar saved from his agility, although he was deeply injured in his arm. Happened. After this incident there was some change in Aksar's style of adoration under which he took full control of the rule of his own hands. Soon after 'Hemu'Under the leadership of the Afghan army, the army was re-organized and stood in front of him as a challenge. In the early period of his rule, Akbar understood that without ending the Suri clan , he would not be able to rule peacefully. Therefore, he went to Punjab to attack Sikandar Shah Suri , the most powerful ruler of the Suri dynasty .
- Power of Delhi
The Government of Delhi handed it over to the Mughal general, Tari Bagh Khan. There was not a great resistance to Sikandar Shah Suri Akbar. In some territories, his army had retreated even before Akbar arrived. In the absence of Akbar, Hemu Vikramaditya invaded Delhi and Agra and conquered it. On October 6, 1556 , Hemu declared himself Maharaja of India. With this, the Hindu state was re-established in Delhi.
- Return of power
When Akbar met the news of Delhi's defeat, he immediately consulted Bairam Khan and planned to travel to Delhi. Advisers of Akbar advised him to go to the refuge of Kabul . There was a battle between Akbar and Hemu's army at Panipat . This war is famous as the second war of Panipat . Despite decreasing numbers, Akbar conquered this war; By this victory, Akbar got 1500 elephants who came to work against Sikandar Shah Suri in the attack of Mankot. Sikandar Shah Suri surrendered and Akbar gave him life.
- Four way extension
After re-possessive Delhi Akbar began to expand his kingdom and Malwa in 1562 , the state of 1572 in Bengal to 1574 in Kabul to 1581 , the K to 1586 and khandeshto 1601 under the Mughal Empire have done. Akbar appointed one governor in these states. Akbar did not want the center of the Mughal empire to be in a remote city like Delhi ; Therefore, he decided that the Mughal capital was Fatehpur SikriWhich was in the middle of the empire. After a while, Akbar had to withdraw from the capital Fatehpur Sikri. It is said that lack of water was the main reason. After Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar built a running court which roamed across the empire, thus it is possible to pay proper attention to all the empires. In 1585 , Akbar made the capital of Lahore for the smooth governance of the northwestern state . Before his death, Akbar again made Agra the capital in 1599 and ruled from here till the end.
Administration
In 1560, Akbar took over control of himself and carried out his guardian Bairam Khan. Now Akbar had power in his own hands but there were many difficulties too. Like - Shamsuddin emerged mass outrage at the killing of Atka Khan (1563), Uzbek Uprising ( L564- 65 ) and rebellion of Mirza Brothers ( L566- 67 ) but Akbar has solved these problems very efficiently. He increased his feudal power through his creativity. In 1562, he compromised with the ruler of Aamer - thus Rajput King also turned to him. Similarly, she IranHe also gave big help to those coming from. He has also taken Indian Muslims towards him with his skillful behavior. He gave a unique introduction to religious tolerance - Jazia wasremoved from the place of Hindu pilgrimage ( 1563 ). This made the entire state feel that he was able to adopt a changed policy. In addition to this he also stopped the conversion of the war of pistilism.
Currency
During his reign, Akbar practiced the coins of copper , silver and gold . The pages of these currencies used to be beautiful Islamic printing. Akbar made many changes in the currency of his time. He started an open mint arrangement in which if any person was able to pay mint duty then he could convert Akbar's currency with any other currency or gold. Akbar wanted that there would be equal currency in his entire empire. [31]
Capital transfer
After the Second War of Panipat, Akbar was re-elected on Delhi by killing Hemu and rescuing him. After this, he started expanding his state and Malva in 1562 , in Gujarat in 1572 , in Bengal in 1574 , in Kabul in 1581 , in Kashmir in 1586 , and Khandesh ( part of present-day Burdwanpur , part of Maharashtra ) to 1601In the Mughal empire. Akbar appointed one governor to take over administration in these states. Delhi took away from many places to take over the reign and it seemed that this could cause problems in the administration, so he decided that the Mughal capital should be taken to Fatehpur Sikri near Agra . [32]Which was almost in the middle of the empire. On an old settler village Sikri, Akbar built a new city, which was named Fatehabad or Fatehpur in the joy of his victory, ie Fatah. Soon it came to be called by the entire present name Fatehpur Sikri. Most of the construction here is of 14 years, in which Akbar resides here. In the city there were royal gardens, lakes, houses for the feudal and court rooms and madrassas for children. According to Blair and Bloom, the buildings inside the city are of two main types - service buildings, such as Caravanese, Mint, Buildings, Big Market (Chahar Sook) where the south-west / north-east axis have been constructed vertically and the second royal part, in which India's largest mass mosque, as well as residential and administrative buildings, are called Durbakhana. They are located at some angle of hill and make an angle with the kibla. [33]
But this decision was not proved right and after a while, Akbar had to withdraw from the capital Fatehpur Sikri. The lack of water behind this was the main reason. After Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar composed a moving court which roamed throughout the empire and thus it was possible to pay proper attention at all the places of the empire. Later, in 1585 , he made the capital of Lahore for the northwest part of India . Before the death Akbar made the capital back Agra in 1599 and ruled from here till the end. [30]
The city of Agra was renamed as Akbarabad, which became the largest city in the empire. The main part of the city was settled on the west bank of the river Yamuna . Here the proper drainage drain of drainage water was made. A new wall of sandstone wall was built in 1565 by breaking the old walled town of Gare-mud built by the Lodhi empire . British historian because of the red wall as per couple Blair and Bloom same name Red Fort had. He further writes that this fort had only made some semicircular on the last fort map. From the city it is surrounded by a double security wall, which has a deep ditch outside. In this double wall, the north gate of Delhi Gate and in the south are built. Both of these doors have their arched arch-shapedBlue-glazed tiles on aloes and towers and red and white marble are recognized by ornamentation only. The present fort is built by Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan . In it there are southern Jahangiri palaces and Akbar Palace. [33]
Policies
Marriage relationship
Amber 's Kachwahas Rajput kingdom Bharmal was shortly after assuming his reign of Akbar's court had found the entrance. He accepted the marriage of his princess Harka Bai to Akbar. [34] [35] After marriage, Muslim became a Muslim and Miriam-Uz-Zamani. He was abandoned by the Rajput family for ever and after marriage he never returned to Amer . He had not even got any important place in Agra or Delhi after the marriage , but a small village of Bharatpur district was found. [36] He died in 1623. A mosque was built in Lahore in honor of his son Jahangir . [37]Bharmal got a higher place in Akbar's court and after that his son Bhagwan Das and grandson Mansingh also remained high in the court. [38] In the case of marriage of Muslim princes to the marriage of Muslim kings, there was a lot before the time of Akbar, but after most marriages, the mutual relations between the two families were not good and neither the princesses came back home. [38] [39]However, Akbar distinguished this matter from the previous episodes, where the brothers or fathers of those queens used to receive the same honor as Akbar's Muslim in-laws, after the marriage of daughters or sisters, besides eating and praying with them. Those Rajputs got good places in Akbar's court. All of them adopted the same way except for some conservative families, who saw it as an insult. [39] Other Rajpur kingdoms had made marital relations with Akbar, but there was no condition to create a marriage relationship. The two principal Rajput dynasties, Shishodia of Mewar and the Harda dynasty of Ranthambore always kept away from these relations. King Mansingh , a famous court official of AkbarHe also took a relationship proposal from Akbar to a bearded King, Suezan Halda, which was accepted by Sujan Singh on condition that he would not marry any of his daughters with Akbar. In the end, there was no marital relationship, but surjan was honored by surrendering the surrender of the citadel. [38] Many other Rajputs also did not like the daughters of their kings to give the Mughals in the name of marriage. Rathore Kalyanadas of the fort of Sivan had also threatened to kill Mata King Rao Uday Singh and Jahangir , because Uday Singh had decided to marry his daughter Jagat Gosain to Akbar's son Jahangir.. On this knowledge, Akbar sent the royal forces to attack Kalyanadas. Kalyanadas worked with the army in the war, and his women did the jawar. [40] The political effect of these relations was important. Although some Rajput women accepted Islam at the time of admission in Akbar's Haram, he still had complete religious freedom, as well as his relatives, who were his own; High places were also found in the court. Through them, the sound of the masses reached Akbar's court. [38]The interaction of mutual ideas by the contact between Hindu and Muslim Darbaris of Darbar was exchanged and progress of the two religions has progressed. This was the confluence of both the blood in the next generation which encouraged harmony between the two sects. As a result, Rajput became the most powerful ally of the Mughals, Rajput soldiers in the Mughal army fought and won many wars. Among them was Gujarat's 1572 campaign. [41] Akbar's religious tolerance policy had opened jobs and employment opportunities for everyone in the imperial administration. Due to this the administration went further strengthened. [42]
Sexuality
In the then society, prostitution was provided to the emperor. She had a very large haym in which there were many women. Most of these women were forcibly abducted and kept there. At that time Sati's practice was also very strong. It is said that some of Akbar's people saw the beautiful woman being sati, stopped by being sati and forcefully commanded the emperor's order and that woman was put in hayam. However, the court historians have said in this manner that in this manner the ruler of the country, Salamat opposed the practice of Sati and protected those Abalah women. In his biography, Akbar himself has written - If I had already sensed this intellectualness, then I would not take any woman from her sultanate and bring it to her harem. [43]From this point it becomes clear that he used to kidnap beautiful women. Apart from this, the futility of the thing not to be abducted is also known by the fact that Haram was stopped in the time of Akbar's time and neither in the time of his successor.
According to Mir Ain Akbari , Abdul Qadir Badayu says that Begum, elite, darbaro's wives or other women, whenever they wish to appear in the service of the king, they first have to wait for a reply by giving notice of their wishes; Those who are considered worthy are allowed to enter the Haram. [44] [45] Akbar used to compel his subjects to organize the naked exhibition of women of his house, which Akbar named Khudaroz (Pramod Day). Behind this festival, Akbar's sole purpose was to choose the beautiful for his harem. [46] . Queen Durgavati of GondwanaBut there was also the insight of Akbar. He invaded his kingdom to get the queen. During the war, Veerangana experienced that there was an attempt to kill him, but instead of trying to make him captive, he committed suicide there. [45] Then Akbar put his sister and son-in-law into his haram forcibly. Akbar also used to practice that his defeated enemy sent selected women from his family and hostess class to his harem. [45]
Relation with portuguese
At the time of Akbar's throne in 1556, the Portuguese had set up many fortifications and factories on the west coast of the continent and began to control shipping and coastal trade in that area at large scale. Due to this colonialism, all other business institutions were taught to remain in the supremacy of the Portuguese, on which the rulers and businessmen of that time were facing objection. [47] Mughal Empire made the first shot after the coronation of Akbar Gujarat and in 1572 found the first victory on the beach, but in keeping with the Portuguese power from the first few years only the Persian Gulf to visit in Krtajh Keep going near a passenger named. [48]The first meeting of the Mughals and the Portuguese was taken at the time of the acquisition of Surat in 1572 and the Portuguese estimated the real power of the Mughals and, consequently, they deemed it appropriate to work with the policy rather than the war, and the Portuguese governor, on the instructions of Akbar, through an ambassador, Sent the proposal. Akbar accepted the proposal from the area to safeguard the journey of Haj by Maize to his Haram and other Muslims . [49] In 1573, Akbar issued a decree to the administrative officials of his Gujarat, which ordered the Portuguese to be allowed to live peacefully in the nearby Vidyamatta Daman . In return, the Portuguese issued passes to know about Haj for Akbar's family. [50]
Relation to Turks
In 1576, Akbar sent a large group of Hajj to Haj along with several members of his Haram under the leadership of Yahya Saleh. The crew of two ships Surat from Jeddah arrived in 1577 at the port and Mecca and Medina was headed. [51] Between 1577 and 1580, four more caravans left for Hajj, with whom to meet the people of Mecca and Medina and for the poor. These travelers were economically lower class of society, and due to their going to increase economic burden on those cities. [52] [53]Then the Ottoman Administration requested that they return home, on which Haram women did not get ready. After a lot of controversy, he was forced to read and return. AdenSeeing the large number of passengers coming to the Governor in 1580, there was widespread anger and returned the Mughals as much as possible insults. [ Please add quotation ] due to these episodes, Akbar had to stop Haji's visits. After 1584, Akbar planned to climb with the help of Portuguese on the port of Aden, under the rule of Yemen. [ Please add citation ] A Mughal emissary was posted permanently from Goa in October 1584 for planning this . In 1587, a Portuguese troop invaded Yemen, but the Ottoman Navy suffered defeat. After this, the Mughal-Portuguese alliance was also shocked because the JangeraThe Portuguese were constantly under pressure. [54]
religion
Akbar was a Muslim but he had respect for other religions and sects also. As Akbar's age grew, his interest in religion began to grow. He is especially known for his attachment to Hindu religion. He married many Hindu princesses, unlike his ancestors. Apart from this, Akbar also took Hindus into various state positions in his state, which was not done by any former Muslim ruler. He knew that in order for him to rule for a long time in India, he should give the place of proper and equal status to the native residents here.
Influence on Hindu religion
Self Hindus jizya Akbar removed in 1562, but had to return due to opposition from Muslim leaders in 1575, [55] although she lifted after strategically back. Jazia was forced to take shelter of Islam by being forced to poverty by the poor Hindus. It was not used on Muslim people. [56] Due to this tax, many poor Hindus had a burden on the people, due to which they used to accept Islam. Firoz Shah Tughlaq has said that how Islam was spread by Jazia. [57]
The timely decisions made by Akbar to remove Jazia and Hindu pilgrims had little effect on the Hindus because they did not make any special profit because they were reinstated after some interval. [58] Akbar had taken many Hindus against Islam, even against their wishes. [59] Apart from this, he also made Islamic names of many Hindu pilgrimage places, such as Prayagraj in Allahabad [60] in 1583 . [61] In the reign of Akbar, only one of his helpers Hussein Khan Khan had forced the Hindus to impose discrimination on their shoulders and arms. [62] [63]
A story is quite prevalent in relation to the volcano temple. It would be between 1542 and 1605, when Akbar was the King of Delhi. The meditated mother was the supreme devotee of Jatavali. Once for the Goddess's vision, he went out to Jwalji with his villagers. When his convoy passed through Delhi, the Mughal emperor Akbar's soldiers stopped him and presented him in the court of King Akbar. When Akbar asked meditation, where he is going with his villagers, then in the north, he said that he is going for Jyotwali's Darshan. Akbar said, what power does your mother have? And what can he do? Then Dhyu said that he is going to protect the whole world. There is no such thing which he can not do. Akbar cut the head of Dhyanu and said that if your mother has power, then join the horse's head and make her alive. Listening to this word, Dhunu began praising Goddess and cut off his head and met her mother. Provided as The horse's head got attached to the power of the mother. Thus Akbar realized the power of the Goddess. Emperor Akbar also undertook a gold umbrella in the temple of Goddess. But he became so proud in his mind that he had brought the gold umbrella up, then the mother threw the umbrella with his hand and made it a strange (new) metal which is a mystery till date. This parasol is still present in the temple.
Historian Dasharath Sharma explains that we call Akbar great according to his court history and descriptions such as Akbarnama , etc. [64] If someone looks at other notable works, such as Dalpat Vilas , then it will become clear how Akbar used to behave indecently with his Hindu counterparts. [65] Because of Akbar's permission to build the Vishwanath temple by the Navaratna King Mansingh of Akbar, the Hindus boycotted the visit to that temple. The reason was clear, that the family of King Mansingh had a marital relationship with Akbar. [66]Akbar's Hindu feudal could not be built till the temple was built without his permission. In Bengal, King Mansingh started the construction of a temple without permission, then Akbar stopped him when he came to know and in 1595 ordered him to be converted into a mosque. [67]
The extent of resentment for Akbar is revealed by an incident. Raja Ram, a leader of Hindu farmers, tried to rob Akbar's tomb, Sikandra, Agra , which was defeated by local military ruler, Mir Abul Fazl . Shortly after this, in 1688 Raja Ram re-appeared in Sikandra [68] and taking advantage of the delay in the arrival of Shasta Khan, he banned the tomb again and found many valuable items like gold, silver, precious carpets, chirag , Etc., and who could not be taken away, wasted them. King Ram and his men dug Akbar's bones and took them away and burnt them, which was a matter of gross insult for the Muslims. [69]
Attachment to Hindu religion
Later in the year Akbar was attracted to other religions. Akbar's attachment to Hinduism was not only for converting the Mughal empire but also to his personal interest in Hinduism. In addition to Hinduism, Akbar was also interested in Shia Islam and Christian religion . To know the basic principles of Christianity, he once sent a Portuguese Christian evangelist from Goa . Akbar had made a special place in court that prayer-food(Prayer-place), where he used to do religious discussions with various religious leaders and preachers. It was unbearable for some Muslim fundamentalists to explore this other religion. They felt that Akbar was wandering from his religion. There was some truth in these things too, Akbar sometimes took some decisions from the conservative Islam, even in 1582 he started a new sect which was called Dina-e-Elahi ie the religion of God.
Conciliation-a-total
In the year 1582, Akbar founded Din-i-Elahi, [70] creating a new religion in which the original elements of all religions were cast, mainly Hinduism and Islam. [71] Apart from these , the basic ideas of Parsi , Jain and Christian religion are also included. However, for promoting this religion, he did not do much business but only included his trusted people. It is said that apart from Akbar, only King Birbal was a follower of his death. According to Dabestan-e-Majhb, only 19 people adopted Akbar's religion after Akbar. [72] [73] In time, Akbar introduced a new almanacIn which he started a divine Samvat which started from the day of his own coronation. He wrote "Allah-o-Akbar" behind the then coins which was an acronym. [74] Akbar literally means that the word "great" and "Allah-o-Akbar" could have two meanings: "Allah is great" or "Akbar is Allah" [75] Din-i-Elahi was a true religion and not a religion, similar to a code of conduct. It was forbidden to be indulging, boasting, condemning or blaming them and they were called sin. Kindness, thoughtfulness and restraint were its base pillars. [76]
It has been argued that the principle of having a new religion of Din-i-Elahi is a misconception, which was later born due to incorrect translation of Abul Fazl's work by British historians. However, it is also acknowledged that the policy of reconciliation-a-total, [77], in which the essence of Din-i-Elahi was, Akbar adopted not merely for religious purposes but as a part of general imperial administrative policy Was there. It formed the basis of Akbar's religious sympathy policy. At the time of Akbar's death in 1605, there was no sign of dissatisfaction among his Muslim subjects, and a theologian like Abdul Haq believed that close relations remained.
Akbar's Navaratna
Even when illiterate, Akbar had special love for artists and intellectuals. Because of his love, there were nine (9) highly virtuous courts in Akbar's court, which is also known as Akbar's Navaratna . [78] [79]
- Abul Fazl (1551-1602) had a penknife of Akbar's time. He also composed the book Akbarnama . It was also created by Ain-e-Akbari .
- Fazi ( 1547-1595 ) was the brother of Abul Fazl. He used to poetry in Persian . Raja Akbar appointed him as the son of his son's math teacher.
- Mianya Tansen was a singer in Akbar's court He also used to write poetry.
- Raja Birbal (1528 - 1583) was a dancer fan and adviser to Akbar. They are called the most intelligent. Tales with Akbar are still called today.
- Raja Todramal was the finance minister of Akbar. He created the world's first land accounting and measuring system.
- Raja Man Singh was the Kachwaha Rajput king of Amber ( Jaipur ). He was the chief commander in Akbar's army. His grandfather Jodha Bai was a scion of Akbar.
- Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana was a poet and was the son of Akbar's patron Bairam Khan.
- Fakir was on the advice of Akbar.
- Mullah was the advisor to Piaza Akbar.
In film and literature
Akbar's personality has been very popular. Therefore, Indian literature and cinema have created many characters inspired by Akbar.
- In 2008, Ashutosh Gowarikar directed film Jodhaa Akbar featured the story of Akbar and his wife. The character of Akbar and Jodhaa Bai is performed by Hrithik Roshan and Aishwarya Rai respectively .
- The movie made in 1960 is Mughal-e-Azam , a popular movie of Indian cinema. Akbar's character was played by Prithviraj Kapoor . This film depicts the love story of Akbar's son Saleem and that is why the father-son duo was shown. Role of Salim Dilip Kumar and Anarkali were played by Madhubala .
- In 1990, Jee TV had aired a serial called Akbar-Birbal in which Akbar's character was played by Hindi actor Vikram Gokhale .
- In the nineties , the serial Akbar was displayed on Sanjay Khan 's Great Doordarshan .
- Akbar is the main character in the novel The Enchantress of Florence ( English : The Enchantress of Florence ), by the famous English writer Salman Rushdie . [80]
Chronology of the Mughal emperors
About Aman Bishnoi
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