Indira Gandhi Biography
Indira Gandhi
( Redirected from Indira Gandhi )
| Indira Gandhi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Retirement of the post 14 January 1980 - 31 October 1984 | |
| President | Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Giani Zail Singh |
| Pre-eminent | Chaudhary Charan Singh |
| Successor | Rajiv Gandhi |
| Post retention 24 January 1966 - 24 March 1977 | |
| President | Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan Zakir Hussein Varahagiri Venkat Giri (Acting) Mohammed Hidayatullah (Caretaker) Varahagiri Venkat Giri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Basappa Danappa Jatiti (Caretaker) |
| Assistant | Morarji Desai |
| Pre-eminent | Gulzarilal Nanda (caretaker) |
| Successor | Morarji Desai |
| Post retention 9 March 1984 - 31 October 1984 | |
| Pre-eminent | Narasimha Rao |
| Successor | Rajiv Gandhi |
| Retirement of the post 22 August 1967 - 14 March 1969 | |
| Pre-eminent | Mahomedali Karim Chagla |
| Successor | Dinesh Singh |
| Retirement of the post 14 January 1980 - 15 January 1982 | |
| Pre-eminent | Chidambaram Subrahmanyam |
| Successor | Ramaswamy Venkataraman |
| Retirement of the post 30 November 1975 - 20 December 1975 | |
| Pre-eminent | Sardar Swaran Singh |
| Successor | Bansi Lal |
| Retirement of the post 27 June 1970 - 4 February 1973 | |
| Pre-eminent | Yashwantrao Chavan |
| Successor | Umashankar Dixit |
| Retirement of the post 16 July 1969 - 27 June 1970 | |
| Pre-eminent | Morarji Desai |
| Successor | Yashwantrao Chavan |
| Birth | 19 November 1917 Allahabad, British India |
| The death | 31 October 1984 (age 66)New Delhi , India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Life partner | Feroze Gandhi |
| relation | Jawaharlal Nehru (father) Kamala Nehru (mother) |
| children | Rajiv Sanjay |
| Educational affiliation | Somerville College, Oxford |
| religion | Hindu |
| signature | Indira Gandhi's signature |
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (born surname: Nehru) ( 19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 ) was the Prime Minister of the Republic of India for three successive consecutive innings from 1966 to 1977 and thereafter, till her political assassination in the fourth innings from 1984 to 1984 Prime Minister resigned. He is the first and only woman Prime Minister of India .
Sequence
- 1Early life and career
- 2Early life
- 3Indian National Congress Presidents
- 4Prime Minister
- 4.1Foreign and domestic policy and national security
- 4.2Nuclear Programs
- 4.3Green Revolution
- 4.4Victory and second term (1971-1975) in the 1971 election
- 4.5Tilting towards astrology
- 4.6Corruption charges and electoral malpractices decision
- 4.7Emergency situation (1975-1977)
- 4.8Decree governed by order / order based
- 4.9Elections
- 4.10Removal, Arrest and Return
- 4.11Operation Blue Star and murder
- 5personal life
- 6Indira Gandhi in popular culture
- 7References
- 8See also
- 9External links
Early life and career
Indira was born on November 19, 1917 in the politically influential Nehru family . [1] His father was Jawaharlal Nehru and his mother was Kamala Nehru .
Indira his "Gandhi" nickname Feroze Gandhi, the marriage was after. [2] These Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a relationship by neither blood nor marriage. His grandfather, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader. His father Jawaharlal Nehru was a prominent personality of the Indian independence movement and was the first Prime Minister of Independent India.
After completing his schooling in 1934-35, Indira took admission in World-Bharati University , built by Rabindranath Tagore in Shantiniketan . Rabindranath Tagore named him "Priyadarshini". After this he went to England and sat in the entrance examination of the University of Oxford , but it did not fail him, and after spending months spent in Badminton School in Bristol , he got admission in Somerville College, Oxford, after he was successful in the examination in 1937 . During this time, he met Feroz Gandhi, who had known him from Allahabad , and who was a member of the London School of EconomicsWere studying in Ultimately, on March 16, 1942 , he married Firoz in a private Dharma Brahma- Vedic ceremony in Anand Bhawan, Allahabad .
In the 1950s, during his tenure as the first Prime Minister of his father, he was unofficially serving him as a personal assistant. After his father's death, in 1964, he was appointed as a Rajya Sabha member. After this he became the Information and Broadcasting Minister in Lalbahadur Shastri 's Cabinet. [3]
Following the sudden demise of Lal Bahadur Shastri , then the then Congress Party President . Kamaraj was deciding to make Indira Gandhi prime minister Gandhi soon showed the ability to dominate the opponents by winning popular elections as well as through popularity . He brought more balm economic policies and promoted agricultural productivity. After a decisive victory in the Indo-Pak war of 1971, during the period of instability, they imposed emergency in 1975 . He and Congress Party faced the defeat for the first time in the 1977 general election. After returning to power in 1980, he was mostly the separatists of Punjab , In which further political murder was committed by his own bodyguards in 1984.
Early life
Indira was born on November 19 , 1917 in Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and his wife Kamala Nehru . He was his only child. Nehru family ancestral homeland of Top Searches Jammu and Kashmir and Delhi the Brahmins can. Indira's grandfather Motilal Nehru Uttar Pradesh 's Allahabad was a wealthy barrister. Jawaharlal Nehru was formerly a very prominent member of the Indian National Congress . His father Motilal Nehru was a popular leader of the Indian freedom struggle . Mahatma Gandhi at the time of Indira's birth Under Jawaharlal Nehru's entry into freedom movement
Their upbringing led to the overall supervision of their mother, who remained separate from the Nehru family's home due to being ill, having an independent personality in Indira as well as an independent personality. His father-in-law and his father's constant involvement in national politics made it difficult for them to interact with their friends. With his own books (Father's sisters), which was also Vijayalakshmi Pandit , remained anti-national and it continued in the political world too.
Indira created a monkey army for young boys and girls , who played a small but notable role in Indian freedom struggle by circulating sensitive publications and restricted material in support of the leaders of Congress along with protests and flag procession . It is often a repetitive story that he had evaded a vital document, which had planned a major revolutionary initiative of the beginning of the 1930s, through his schoolbag, in keeping a watch on the police from his father's house.
In 1936, his mother Kamala Nehru finally became a living after a long struggle with tuberculosis . Indira was then 18 years old and thus she was never able to experience a stable family life in her childhood. He studied major Indian, European and British schools, such as Shantiniketan , Badminton School and Oxford .
During his studies at the Somerville College of Oxford University , England in the last phase of the 1930s , he became a member of the pro- Indian Indian League for independence based in London . [4]
Continent time he met in Europe and the UK a Parsee Congress activist, Feroze Gandhi, Anand Bhavan occurred and finally on March 16 L 9 42 Allahabad a private etc. Dharma Brahma Vedic married her function [5] OK Quit India movement from the beginning of First, when the great and raging national revolt was started by Mahatma Gandhi and Congress Party. In September 1942 they were arrested by the British authorities and were detained without charge. After spending more than 243 days in jail, he was released on 13 May 1943 . [6] In 1944 with Feroze GandhiRajiv Gandhi and after two years, gave birth to Sanjay Gandhi .
During the 1947 India partition chaos, he helped organize refugee camps and provided medical care for millions of refugees from Pakistan. This was the first time that he had a major public service for them.
Gandhiji later settled in Allahabad , where Feroz worked with a Congress party newspaper and an insurance company. His marital life was fine in the beginning, but later when Indira went to New Delhi with her father, during her prime ministership, the only three who were living in an environment of high pressure in Murthy Bhavan were her trustees, secretaries and nurses. became. His son used to live with him, but he eventually got permanently separated from Feroze, though the marriage was over.
When India's first general election was adjacent to 1951, Indira was engaged in campaigning for both her father and her husband who was contesting from Rae Bareli constituency. Feroze did not consult Nehru about his rivalry selection and, though he was elected, chose his own residence in Delhi. Firoz developed the image of being a fighter against his political corruption by exposing a major scandal in a nationalized insurance industry , resulting in the resignation of Nehru's aide, the Finance Minister.
In the extreme situation of stress, Indira got separated from her husband. However, after a brief period of sub-election in 1958, Feroz suffered a heart attack, which dramatically healed his broken marriage. His family was adjacent to him in Kashmir , giving him healthcare. But Sitmber 8 , L960 when Indira went on a foreign tour with his father, Feroze died.
Indian National Congress President
Indira contested between 1959 and 1960 and was elected president of the Indian National Congress . His tenure was incidentless. He was playing the role of head of his father's staff.
Nehru died on May 27 , 1964 and Indira contested on the inspiration of the new Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and was appointed to the immediate Information and Broadcasting Minister, joined the government. Hindi to the point of becoming the national language she riot broke out in non-Hindi speaking states of South ChennaiGone There he consulted with the government officials, encouraged the anger of the community leaders and oversee the reconstruction efforts of the affected areas. Shastri and senior ministers were embarrassed for their lack of such efforts. The minister's intervention was not likely to be directly to the scholars or to get their own political height. He was reportedly lacking enthusiasm in the daily work of his ministry, but he was skilled at the media-oriented and the politics of art and politics.
"After the conflict between Mrs. Gandhi and her rivals, the Central Congress [Party] leadership for the succession after 1965, many states, while removing upper caste leaders from the state Congress [party] organizations, are removing upper caste people. To gather votes of those castes so that their opposition and opponents can be defeated in the state Congress [party]. Results Stkshepon, some of which can be reasonably regarded as socially progressive achievement, however, often made inter-ethnic regional conflicts due to become faster ... [7]
When the 1965 Indo-Pak war was going on , Indira was present in the border area of Srinagar . Although the army had warned that the Pakistani inaccessible city had reached very acute speed, they rejected their offer of reinstatement in Jammu or Delhiand kept on revolving the local government and welcomed the attention of the media. . Lalbahadur Shastri passed away a few hours after signing the peace agreement with Ayub Khan of Pakistan in Soviet mediation in Tashkent .
Then the President of the Congress Party Kamaraj played an important role in making Indira Gandhi's Prime Minister after the sudden demise of Shastri.
Prime minister
Foreign and domestic policy and national security
In 1966, when Indira Gandhi became prime minister, the Congress was divided into two factions, Mrs led by Gandhi socialistand Morarji Desai led Conservative . Morarji Desai used to call them "dumb doll" Internal problems arose in 1967 elections where Congress lost nearly 60 seats and secured 297 seats in the 545-seat Lok Sabha . He had to take Desai as India's Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister . After dissenting several issues with Desai in 1969, the Indian National CongressSplit up After getting support from socialists and communist parties, they ran the government for the next two years. In July 1969, he nationalized the banks. To solve the Bangladeshi refugee problem in 1971, he declared war on Pakistan from East Pakistan, who was fighting for his independence . During the war of 1971, during the war of 1971, under the leadership of President Richard Nixon , America should keep its seventh fleet from being away from East Pakistan by showing the reason that a widespread attack against West Pakistan can be particularly related to the issue of border areas of Kashmir , In the Bay of Bengal as a warningSent. This move had opted for India from the first world and Prime Minister Gandhi now with a rapid pace gave a pre-alert national security and foreign policy a new direction. India and the Soviet Union had already signed the Friendship and Mutual Cooperation Treaty, resulting in political and military support contributing substantially to India's victory in the 1971 war.
Nuclear program
But, considering the nuclear threat from the People's Republic of China and the interference of two major super powers, Gandhi was now a national nuclear program, in view of not feeling favorable for India's stability and security. He invited new Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to the Shimla summit that lasted for a week . Close to the failure of the talks, both the State Chiefs finally signed the Shimla Agreement , under which both the countries were contracted to negotiate and peaceful settlement of the Kashmir dispute.
Some critics by LC while went to criticism of Indira Gandhi on Happy mapping a permanent limit some critics believed the 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war are occupied by India and Pakistan-administered Kashmir to Pakistan was supposed to take possession of. But this agreement abolished the immediate intervention of the United Nations and any third party, and in the near future, the possibility of a major attack by Pakistan to be reduced to a great extent. By not demanding complete surrender on Bhutto's sensitive issue, she gave Pakistan the chance to become stable and normal.
Business relations have been re-generalized through the intervention of many contacts that have been stuck for years.
In the year 1974, as the informal shadow of Smiling Buddha , India successfully carried an underground nuclear test near the village of Pokhran in the Desert of Rajasthan . Describing the test for peaceful purposes, India became the world's newest nuclear powerhouse.
Green revolution
In the 1960s, when the specialized innovative agricultural program and the additional support provided by the government, ultimately, in the context of the reduction of khadadan in India, originally, in the context of wheat, rice, cotton and milk, in additional production. Rather than relying on food aid from the United States - where a President whom Mrs. Gandhi greatly disliked (this sentiment was mutual: Nixon used to be Indira "Witch's old lady" [8] ), the country became a food exporter. That achievement is known as Green Revolution with the diversification of its commercial crop production . At the same time, the White Revolution coming from the increase in milk production helped in dealing with malnutrition especially among the growing children. 'Food security', as this program is known, By 1975, there was another source of support for Mrs. Gandhi. [9]
In the early 1960s, the organized Green Revolution was the informal name of the Deep Agricultural District Program (IDPP), under which for people living in cities, Gandhi's support, actually, all Indian political, deeply dependent, The abundance of cheap grains was found. [10] The program was based on four phases:
- New varieties seeds
- Acceptance of the need for the relieving of approved Indian agriculture, such as fertilizers, pesticides, grass-free preventors, etc.
- Commitment of national and international cooperative research to develop new and improved existing seed varieties
- Scientific concept of development of agricultural institutions in the form of land grant colleges, [11]
This ten-year long program finally brought in three fold increase in wheat production and low but attractive growth in rice; Whereas in the field of cereals such as millet , gram and coarse grains (keeping in mind the adjustment for areas and population growth) did not increase or increase - yet a relatively stable yield in these areas remains intact.
Vijay and second term (1971-1975) in the 1971 election
The Gandhi government had to face major difficulties after their tremendous 1971 mandate. The internal structure of the Congress party had become completely dependent on his leadership to determine the fortune in the elections due to weakening of its numerous divisions. The theme of slogan in preparation for Gandhi's 1971 war was poverty . This slogan and the draft of the proposed poverty reduction program, which came along with it, was designed to give Gandhi an independent national support based on rural and urban poor. In this way, they were allowed to ignore the dominant tribes and the state and local governments and urban business class. And, in the past, there has been an increase in the number of poor people, at least the political value and the political weight.
Programs under Garibi Hatao , however, were run locally, but they were funded, developed, supervised and staffed by New Delhi and Indian National Congress party. "These programs have also proprieted the distribution of new and vast resources across the country to the central political leadership ..." [12] 'Ultimately, povertyreduction came very little to the poor: all funds allocated for economic development only 4% went away from the three main poverty alleviation programs and almost none of them reached the "poor to the poor" section. Thus, although this program failed to reduce poverty, it achieved Gandhi's goal of winning elections.
Dialectism
Gandhi had already been accused of authoritarian conduct. By treating his strong Parliamentary majority, his ruling Indian National Congress had amended the Constitution and changed the balance of power between the center and the states. He twice declared the states ruled by the opposition parties as "lawless and chaotic" and under President's rule , under the provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution, they took possession of their control. Apart from this, on the rising influence of Sanjay Gandhi , who had become close political adviser to Gandhi at the place of elected officials, P.N. Hazar , while raising his height at the height of his capacity, was a former adviser to Gandhi, expressed displeasure. Given the new tilt towards the use of their authoritarian power,Prominent persons like Jaiprakash Narayan , Satyendra Narayan Sinha and Acharya Jivatram Kripalani and former freedom fighters visited India through active campaign against him and his government.
Corruption charges and election misconduct decision
On 12 June 1975 , on the basis of corruption allegations in an election petition filed by Raj Narayan (who repeatedly fought and lost the Rae Bareli parliamentary constituency ) , the Allahabad High Court declared cancellation of Indira Gandhi's Lok Sabha election on June 12 , 1975 . Gave. In this way, the court ordered a ban against the Parliament and against the participation in the elections for six years. For prime minister, it is compulsory to be a member of the Lok Sabha ( lower house of the Indian Parliament ) or the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament). Thus, this decision effectively emancipated them from the office.
When Gandhi appealed the decision, the opposition parties and their supporters, eager to gain political capital, began to dodge the collective masses for their resignation. Hailstorm by many unions and protesters has stalled life in many states. In order to strengthen this movement, Jayaprakash Narayan called upon the police to violate the order to fire a unarmed mob on the unarmed crowd. Along with the hard economic phase, the public disillusioned with his government, a large crowd of protesters surrounded the Parliament House and his residence in Delhi and demanded his resignation.
Emergency situation (1975-1977)
Gandhi ordered the arrest of most of the protesters, who were disturbing, as a measure to restore the system. Later, it was recommended by his Cabinet and the Government that President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed announced the state of emergency in view of the disorder and chaos spread after the Allahabad High Court judgment . Accordingly, Ahmed, in view of internal disorder, declared an emergency on 26 June 1975 under the provisions of section 352 of the Constitution .
Decree governed by order
Within a few months, two opposition-ruled states, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu were imposed on President's Rule which resulted in the entire country being taken directly under the Central Government. [13] The ability of the police to impose curfew and prevent indefinite stay was given and all the publications were made subject to adequate sensor system of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting . Indra Kumar Gujral , a future Prime Minister himself, has appointed minister for Information and Broadcasting in protest of Sanjay Gandhi's interference in his work.Resigned from. Eventually the adjacent assembly elections were adjourned indefinitely and all the opposition-ruled state governments were removed in the wake of the constitutional provision of the dismissal of the state government on the recommendation of the respective state governor.
Gandhi used emergency provisions for his own extraordinary rights.
"Unlike his father Nehru, who preferred dealing with the strong Chief Ministers under the control of his legislative parties and state party organizations, Mrs. Gandhi removed every Congress Chief Minister, who had an independent base, and the ministers who were personally in their favor Loyal to them, they started taking their place ... yet stability could not be kept in the states ... " [14]
It is also alleged that he forwarded the proposal of issuing the instructions to President Ahmad ahead of which there is no need to debate in Parliament and he was allowed to order based rule .
At the same time, Gandhi's government started an expedition to overthrow the reactions and keep the arrests and arrests of political activists in tens of thousands; Inthe supervision of Jag Mohan , who was later Lieutenant Governor of Delhi , Sanjay was involved in the removal of settlements located around the Jama Masjid , in which thousands of people were reportedly homeless and hundreds were killed and thus, those parts of the country's capital Created communal bitterness in; And the family planning program of sterilization was carried out on thousands of men , which was practiced very lowly.
Election
Gandhi gave an election in 1977 to give voters another chance to grant that rule. What he wrote about the heavily censored press, Gandhi may have falsely misrepresented his popularity. Whatever the reason, he lost badly to the Janata Dal . During the spiritual guidance of Desai's leadership and Jai Prakash Narayan, for a long time, the Janata Dal won the election by showing India the last chance of elections between "democracy and dictatorship". Both Indira and Sanjay Gandhi lost their seats and the Congress got reduced to 153 seats (compared to 350 in the previous Lok Sabha), 92 from the south.
Deletion, arrest and return
Desai became the Prime Minister and the government choice of 1969, Neelam Sanjeev Reddy became the President of the Republic. Gandhi did not win a by-electionin the 1978 elections , he found himself a manless, inexperienced and homeless. The Congress Party was split in the election campaign of 1977: Supporters like Jagjivan Ram left him. The Congress (Gandhi) party was now a very small group in the parliament, being the opposition, officially.
On the other side of the alliance of the coalition, due to indulgence in the fight, the Janata government minister Chaudhary Charan Singh , unable to govern, ordered the arrest of Indira Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi in many accusations, none of which was proven to be proved in any Indian court. . This arrest meant that Indira was automatically expelled from Parliament. But this strategy became inverted offensive. With his arrest and the long-running lawsuit, he got sympathy for many people who were scared of becoming a dictator just two years ago.
The Janata coalition was united only with the hatred of Mrs. Gandhi (or "that woman" as some people said to them). The government was trapped in mutual disputes on small minor issues, and Gandhi was able to use this situation in her favor. He again started aptly apologizing for the "mistakes" that took place during the Emergency, and started giving speeches. Desai resigned in June 1979 and on being promised by Mrs. Gandhi that Congress would support her government from outside, Charan Singh was appointed Prime Minister by Reddy.
After a short interval, he withdrew his initial support and President Reddy dissolved Parliament in the winter of 1979. In the elections held in January next, Congress was back in power with landslides having majority / with the majority of the MahaBhichan
.
Operation Blue Star and murder
The year after Gandhi was shabby of Punjab problems. In September 1981, separatist Sikh militant groups of Jarnail Singh Bhindrawal were deployed within the Harimandir Sahib complex , the holiest shrine of Sikhism . Despite the presence of thousands of citizens in the Golden Temple complex, Gandhi ordered the Army to enter the shrine in an attempt to eliminate the terrorists. There is a difference in the number of military and civilian casualties. Official estimates include four officers including Unasi Sainik and 492 Terrorists; According to other estimates, possibly 500 or more soldiers and more than 3,000 others, including many pilgrims, are stranded in firing. [15]While the figures related to the number of exact civilian casualties have been disputed, the timing and manner of election for the attack are also controversial. Two of Indira Gandhi's majority bodyguards were Satwant Singh and Beant Singh , both Sikhs. On October 31, 1984 , he killed Indira Gandhi's political assassination in the garden of Prime Minister's residence located in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi, by her service weapons. [16] The British actor Peter UstinovTo film a documentary for Irish Television, he went ahead while crossing a small gate carrying Satnawant and Beant to give an interview. Immediately after this incident, according to the available information, Beant Singh used to shoot his weapon thrice, and Satwant Singh used a stan carbine to shoot twenty-two rounds. Beant Singh was shot by his other bodyguards and Satwant Singh was shot and arrested .
Gandhi was succumbing to the way he used to transport Gandhi to his government car, but his death was not announced for hours. He was brought to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences , where doctors operated him. Government accounts of that time reflect on 29 entry and exit wounds, and some alarms tell 31 bullets to be removed from their body. His funeral on November 3, at Raj Ghat was near and place power point went known as. After his death, along with New Delhi , many other cities of India, including Kanpur, Asansol and Indore, communal unrest broke down and thousands of Sikhs were killed. Gandhi's friend and biographer, Pulul JayakarIn this regard, further details have been given on Indira's tension and preconception about what can be done by applying Operation Blue Star.
private lives
Indira married Feroz Gandhi . [17] Sanjay was initially chosen as his heir, but after his death in a flying accident, his mother insinuated that Rajiv Gandhi was relieved of Rajiv Gandhi 's job and entered politics in February 1981.
Rajiv Gandhi becomes Prime Minister after Indira's death In May 1991, he was also killed by the terrorists of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam . Rajiv's widow, Sonia Gandhi led the United Progressive Alliance to a surprise election victory in the 2004 Lok Sabha election.
Sonia Gandhi rejected the opportunity of Prime Minister's Office but she has a reiteration on the political instruments of Congress; Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh , formerly the Finance Minister, is now under the leadership of the nation. Rajiv's children, Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi have also entered politics. Sanjay Gandhi's widow, Maneka Gandhi - who is known to be expelled from the Prime Minister's house after Sanjay's death, [18] - as well as Sanjay's son, Varun Gandhi , in the form of a member of the main Opposition Bharatiya Janata Party party in politics Are active in
Indira Gandhi in popular culture
- His murder has been mentioned by Tom Clancy in his novel Executive Orders .
- Although there is no mention of the name , Indira Gandhi is clearly the Prime Minister in the AFI Balance of Rohinton Mistry .
- In the novel Midnight's Children of Salman Rushdie , Indira, who is called "Da Vinodo" in all the novels, herself is responsible for the fall of her unbelievable character. This portrayal of Indira Gandhi is disputed in this regard by some of her and her policies, both of the rude demeanor.
- In the Shashi Tharoor 's The Great Indian Novell , the character of Duryodhana 's character clearly refers to Indira Gandhi.
- " Ghami " is a Hindi movie directed by Gulzar , partly due to some events of Indira's life, especially her ( filmed by Suchitra Sen ) hard relationship with her husband ( filmed by Sanjeev Kumar ), Is a fictional simulation of.
- In reference to India's political atmosphere in the middle of the 1970s, Yann Martel 's Life of Pie , Indira Gandhi has been mentioned several times in the name of "Mrs. Gandhi".
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