Biography Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela
| Nelson Rolihlla Mandela | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Mandela in May 2008 | |
| Retrieved 10 May 1994 - 14 June 1999 | |
| Assistant | Thabo Mwuyelva Mbeki F. W. D. Clerk |
| Pre-eminent | F. W. D. Clerk |
| Successor | Thabo Mvailova Mbeki |
| Birth | 18 July 1918 Muezo , Cape Province, South Africa |
| The death | 5 December 2013 (age 95)Houghton, Johannesburg , South Africa |
| name at birth | Rolihlla Mandela |
| the nationality | South african |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Life partner | Evelyn Natoku Mass (vs. 1944-1957; Divorce) Vinnie Madicizela (vs. 1958-1996; Divorced) Grace Maalchal (vs 1998-2013; to death) |
| children | Medica Thambalik Mandela Maksim Mandela Macgatho Levnica Mandela Maksim Mandela Zenani Mandela Zinziswa Mandela |
| the residence | Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa |
| Educational affiliation | University of Fort Her Universities of London External System University of South Africa University of the Waterwaters |
| religion | Christian ( Methodism ) |
| signature |  |
| Web site | www |
Nelson Rolihlla Mandela ( Khosa : Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 July 1918 - 5 December 2013) was South Africa 's first black former president . Prior to becoming President, he was president of the African National Congress and its armed group Umkhonto Sijwe , who opposed the apartheid from centuries in South Africa . Due to anti-apartheid conflict, he spent 27 years in the prison in Robben Island where he had to work as a coal miner. After an agreement with the White Government in 1990, they created new South Africa. They became the symbol of resistance to apartheid in South Africa and throughout the world. United Nations organisationDecided to celebrate his birthday as Nelson Mandela International Day .
Sequence
Early life
Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 Mvejho , Eastern Cape , South Africa Union in Gedla Henry Mfakeniswa and his third wife was here Nekyufi Noskeni. He was the third of his 13 brothers in his mother Noskeni's first and father's offspring. Mandela's father, Henry Muezzo, was tribal leader of the town. [1] In the local language, Sardar's son was called Mandela, from which he got his surname. [2] His father named him 'Rollihala' first name, which means "rowdy" in search. His mother was a Methodist . Mandela completed his early education from the Clarkbury Missionary School. After that, school education took place from Methodist Missionary School. Mandela died when his father was 12 years old. [3]
Political struggle
In 1941, Mandela moved to Johannesburg, where he met Walter Sisulu and Walter Albertine. Both of them have politically influenced Mandela very much. For life he became a clerk in a legal firm, but his activism gradually increased in politics . He stepped into politics to remove discrimination on the basis of color. In 1944, he joined the African National Congress, which had organized a movement against apartheid. In the same year he joined with his friends and colleagues to establish the African National Congress Youth League. In 1947, he was elected the secretary of the league. In 1961, Mandela and some of his friends were prosecuted for treason, but they were treated as innocent. [3]
On August 5, 1962, he was arrested on charges of seducing workers and leaving the country without permission. They were sued and sentenced to life imprisonment on July 12, 1964. For punishment, he was sent to the Robben Island jail, but his passion did not diminish even with conviction. He also started mobilizing black prisoners in jail. After spending 27 years in jail, he was finally released on February 11, 1990. After release, they established the foundation of a democratic and multi-ethnic Africa by the policy of agreement and peace. [3]
In South Africa in 1994, non-apartheid elections were held. African National Congress secured 62 percent of the vote and with its majority it became the government. On May 10, 1994 Mandela became the first black president of his country. The new Constitution of South Africa was ratified by Parliament in May 1996 under which many institutions were established to investigate political and administrative rights. In 1997, he separated from active politics, and two years later he also left the post of Congress-President in 1999. [3]
thinking
Nelson Mandela was very supportive of non-violent paths like Mahatma Gandhi . He considered Gandhi as a source of inspiration and learned from him the lesson of non-violence .
personal life
Mandela had three weddings from whom she had six children. He had 17 grandchildren in his family. [4] In October 1944, he married Evelyn Mess, sister of his friend and associate Walter Sisulu. In 1961, Mandela was prosecuted for sedition, but he found the court innocent. During his trial, he met his second wife, Nomjamo Vinnie Medikijala. On his 80th birthday in 1998, he married Grace Mcleal. [3]
The death
Due to the transition to the lungs on December 5, 2013, Mandela died in his house located in Houghton, Johannesburg . At the time of his death, he was 95 years old and his whole family was with him. His death was announced by President Jakub Zuma . [5]
Awards and honors
The people of South Africa considered Mandela a broader "Father of the Nation" [6] He was seen as "the first founder of the democracy" [7] , "national liberator and savior". [8] Mandela's statue was established at Sandton Square Shopping Center, located in Johannesburg in 2004, and the center was renamed Nelson Mandela Square. In South Africa, they are often called Madiba , which is an honorable word for the elderly.
In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly declared their birthday (July 18) as Mandela Day in honor of their contributions to the anti-apartheid conflict. For 67 years, to celebrate Mandela's movement, people were asked to donate 67 minutes out of 24 hours of the day to help others. [9] Mandela has been awarded more than 250 honors and awards by various countries and institutions of the world:
- In 1993, the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with former South African President Frederick Willem de Clarke [10]
- President Medal of Freedom
- Order of lenin
- Bharat Ratna
- Mark-e-pakistan
- Gandhi Peace Prize on 23 July 2008 [11]
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